Uwarunkowania i konsekwencje niekapitałowego modelu międzynarodowej produkcji i rozwoju

Today international business activities can be conducted through trade, non-eqity modes (NEM )or FDI. In 2010, the NEMs has generated about $ 2 trillion from the sale, with the greater part of this amount came from developing countries. NEM can be implemented in various forms such as licensing, franchising, management contracts, manufacturing contracts, contract farming and various strategic alliances. Thanks to these forms, KTN can coordinate their activities in their global value chains and influence the management of companies in the host countries, without owning an equity stake in those companies.